Hindi as a Second and Foreign Language

Shiv Kumar Singh teaches Hindi, Cultures of India, Sanskrit and Indian History at the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the University of Lisbon, Portugal. He published the first Hindi-Portuguese-Hindi dictionary, as well as various articles on teaching and learning Hindi as a foreign language. He is also a recipient of the prestigious Camões Scholarship, and holds a C2 certificate in Portuguese. He has taught Portuguese as a Foreign Language in various reputed Indian universities and institutions, and has translated numerous important literary works into both Portuguese and Hindi.

Dr Gaurav Kumar is Assistant Professor in the Centre of Spanish, Portuguese, Italian and Latin American Studies, at Jawaharlal Nehru University, India. He holds a PhD in Philology of Spanish from this institution with a thesis titled “Analysis of Grammatical Errors of Indian Learners of Spanish as a Foreign Language”. As a Fellow of the Erasmus Mundus Scholarship program, he completed a Master’s in Teaching of Spanish (MULTIELE) in Spain and the Netherlands. He has edited two books, and has also compiled a Spanish Hindi dictionary.