In recent years, distributed and process-based numerical models have been widely used in the modelling of groundwater flow processes and the prediction of available groundwater resources under different climate and land use conditions. However, aquifer characterisation is a prime requisite for groundwater flow and solute transport modelling. In order to characterise any aquifer of interest, bore well lithologs (from drilling) are essential, and aquifer pump tests can provide data of hydraulic properties. Both methods, however, are time-consuming and very expensive. This volume explores the advantages of geophysical techniques that can be used to overcome these limitations and can provide data of the subsurface with high spatial and vertical resolution. It describes case studies with detailed information on the conceptualisation of different aquifers that will be useful to many researchers and academics in the field of earth and environmental science, water resources, and civil engineering.
Plants experience stress from environmental changes. This book is a comprehensive reference on plant responses to both biotic and abiotic stress, consolidating topics that other books cover only in isolation. It details this essential aspect of plant life and adaptation.
